norrman



K. A. NURRMAN.

GAS FIRED STEAM BOILER. APPLICATION FILED 11111.3. 1914.

1 1 95,072. Patented 15, 1916.

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H fl/ 4M K. A. NORRMAN. GAS FIRED STEAM BOILER.

APPLICAHUN FILED JAN.3. I924- 1 1 95,072. Patented Aug. 15, 1915.

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Witnesses: Inventor:

w Karl fl. Nor'r-man. Wfi' e fi/M M ning on KARL A. NORRMAN, OF LYNN, MASSACHUSETTS,

ASSIGNOR TO GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

GAS-FIRED STEAM-BOILER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, KARL A. NORRMAN, a subject of the King of Sweden, residing at Lynn, in the county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Gas-Fired Steam- Boilers, 0 which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to steam generators using gas as a fuel, and its object is to improve the steaming qualities of such boilers by a better mode of circulating the hot products of combustion among the tubes, by the use of radiant incandescent heating bodies adjacent to the tubes, and by a compact arrangement of the superheater in the rear of the front group of tubes.

It is a well known fact that boilers rungas fuel as a rule fall behind coalfired boilers in efiiciency and capacity. The reason of this is because a gas radiates very little'heat, and even at high temperatures and high velocities it will transmit by contact with the boiler tubes only a fraction of the heat which said tubes will receive from a bed of incandescent material. Where such radiation is present, the parts of the boiler absorbing heat at high gas temperature are many times more efficient than when such radiation is absent. It is for this reason that the so-called surface combustion boilers can accomplish such excellent results in the way of evaporation. Surface combustion, however, has certain disadvantages. It is not readily available for coal or oil firing, nor does it lend itself to superheatin because the gases are too cold when they leave the steam-generating parts of the boiler. It is to overcome these objections that the present boiler has been designed.

The construction and operation of the invention will be better understood upon reference to the following detailed description, and the specific features of novelty will be found particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of my improved gas-fired boiler; Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the same on the line 22, Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a section of a modification.

The boiler comprises steam drums 1 and 2 connected respectively to a mud drum 3 and a water drum 4 by groups of upright tubes 5 and 6, the steam drums being connected by tubes 7 and 8 on different levels.

Patented Aug. 15, 1916.

Application filed January 3,1914. Serial No. 810,170.

The tubes in group 5 are vertical and stand near the back wall 9 of the brick fire chamber in which the drums and tubes are set. The tubes in group 6 are inclined, and lie adjacent to an inclined inner wall or arch 10 which forms with the front wall 11 a combustion chamber 12 wherein the gaseous fuel is received and burned, or to which hot gas from some outside source may be supplied. In the former case an injector burner 13 inay be used, which fills the chamber 12 with hot flaming gases. These pass through a labyrinth of small passages in the arch 10, which at this point is constructed of highly refractory material, such as magnesite brick. These are built up in such a manner as to leave a. plurality of openings 14, or they may be molded with such openings. If desired, a mass of broken refractory material 15, Fig. 3, may be lodged against the inner side of the perforated arch and supported by a shoulder 16 thereon. The flaming gas may enter at the burner 13, or it may be generated temporarily from coal burning on a grate 17 (Fig. 3), in which case, after the refractory material has been raised to incandescence, gaseous fuel may be fed in by a flue communicating with the ash pit beneath said grate. Just above the perforated section of the arch 10, a baffle plate 18 extends transversely between the tubes 6. A second baffle plate 19 is located somewhat higher and is extended rearwardly to meet a partition 20 of refractory material which is erected in the fire chamber just in the rear of the water drum 4. This partition and the baflie plate 19 form a chamber to house superheating coals which are divided into two sets 21, 22, each set being attached to its header 23 just outside the end wall 24 ofthe fire chamber. The headers and oints are thus protected from the flame. The front tubes 6 are subjected to the radiant heat from the incandescent mass of refractory material, and the hot gases are compelled to pass through between said tubes in a serpentine course by means of the baffle plates 18 and 19, following the direction of the arrows in Fig. 1. After making the third pass among the upper portion of the tubes 6, the hot gases flow across the upper part of the fire chamber in contact with the water tubes 7 which are preferably covered with a layer of tile 25. Baffle plates 26 and 27 then cause the gases to make three passes among the tubes 5 before they finally enter the flue 28 which conducts them to the stack. By this time their heat has been greatly reduced, owing to absorption by the tubes 5, (l and 7, and the superheating coils 21, 22.

The feed water enters the rear steam drum 1 through the pipe 29, (or the mud drum 3 through pipe In the former case a baille 3O compels it to flow down through the rear row of tubes 5 to the mud drum 3, whence it rises through the remainder of the tubes 5 to the drum 1 again. This mode of feeding prevents undue agitation of the sediment in the mud drum. In any case the columns of water rising from said drum meet the coldest gases at the bottom of the tubes and hotter and hotter gases as they ascend. This slow upward movement while heating gives ideal conditions for the settling of mud and the precipitation of scaleforming material, which sink into the mud drum 3. Such steam as may be formed in the tubes 5 is carried over through the tubes 8 to the main steam drum 2. The tubes 8 are located up under the roof 31 of the fire chamber, which covers the steam drums also. The hot water flows across through the tubes 7 to the drum 2, where a baffle 32 guides it to the rear rows of the tubes 6. It descends through these to the water drum A, meeting hotter and hotter gases in its descent, and at last it enters the front rows of tubes 6 where the intense radiation from the incan descent refractory arch 10 converts it into steam which rises into the drum 2. It is thus apparent that the incoming column of water meets hotter and hotter gases as it flows to the point where steam is generated. In fact, the group of tubes 5 may be regarded more as a feed water heater than as a steam generating element. It will also be noted that the hot gases strike across the tubes at substantially right angles thereto, which tends to mix them and thereby greatly increases the heat transmission due to contact.

The hottest gases are in contact with the outside walls only at the ends of the chamber containing the superheater. The front wall is separated from the arch 10 by the upper part of the combustion chamber 12 and also by an air space 33, which prevents radiation of heat from the hottest part of the fire chamber. In order to prevent further radiation losses, and, which is even more important, preclude the leakage of gas or air through the walls of the tire chamber, which often causes serious heat losses, the whole boiler casing is inclosed in an insulatmg jacket composed preferably of two layers 3i of sheet steel with a layer of magnesia or other heat insulation between them. This jacket covers the headers 23 of the guperheater to reduce the loss of heat thererom.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, I have described the principle of operation of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the appa ratus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carried out by other means.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

l. A steam boiler comprising groups of vertical tubes and inclined tubes, drums connected to the ends of each group, tubes connecting the upper drums, batlles in said upper drums, means for feeding water to the upper drum of the vertical group, a combustion chamber, and substantially horizontal baflie plates associated with each group of tubes for causing the hot products of combustion to traverse first the inclined tubes and then the vertical tubes in a serpentine course.

2. A steam boiler comprising groups of vertical tubes and inclined tubes, drums connected to the ends of each group, tubes connecting the upper drums, bafiles in said upper drums, means for feeding water to the upper drum of the vertical group, a combustion chamber, and substantially horizontal baffle plates associated with each group of tubes for causing the hot products of combustion to traverse first the inclined tubes and then the vertical tubes in a serpentine course and in an upward direction over the inclined tubes, and in a downward direction over the vertical tubes.

3. A Steam boiler comprising groups of vertical tubes and inclined tubes, drums connected to the ends of each group, tubes connecting the upper drums, baffies in said up per drums, means for feeding water to the upper drum of the vertical group, a combustion chamber, and substantially horizontal bailie plates associated with each group of tubes for causing the hot products of combustion to traverse first the inclined tubes and then the vertical tubes in a serpentine course beginning at the lowest portion of the inclined tubes.

4. A steam boiler comprising groups of vertical tubes and inclined tubes, drums connected to the ends of each group, tubes connecting the upper drums, bafiles in said up per drums, means for feeding water to the upper drum of the vertical group, a combustion chamber, bafile plates causing the hot products of combustion to traverse first the inclined tubes and then the vertical tubes in a serpentine course, a partition extending up between the two groups of tubes to meet one of the bafile plates of the inclined group, and superheating coils located in the chamber thus formed.

5. A steam boiler comprisinggroups of vertical tubes and inclined tubes, drums conneeted to the ends of each group, tubes connecting the upper drums, bafiles in said upper drums, means for feeding water to the upper drum of the vertical group, a combustion chamber, bafile plates causing the hot products of combustion to traverse first the inclined tubes and then the vertical tubes in a serpentine course, a partition extending up between the two groups of tubes to meet one of the baflie plates of the inclined group, superheating coils located in the chamber thus formed, a casing in which the boiler is set, and headers for said superheated coils arranged outside of said casmg.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this thirty-first day of December,

KARL A. NORRMAN. Witnesses JOHN MCMANUS, Jr., FRANK G. HA'rrm.

'hot products of combustion to traverse first the inclined tubes and then the vertical tubes in a serpentine course, a partition extending up between the two groups of tubes to meet one of the baflie plates of the inclined group, superheating coils located in the mnjn Letters Patent No. 1,I95 072.

[SEAL] Correct chamber thus formed, a casing in which the boiler is set, and headers for said superheated eoils arranged outside of said casmg.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand this thirty-first day of December,

KARL A. NORRMAN. Witnesses JOHN A. MCMANUS, Jr., FRANK G. HA'I'I'IE.

It is hereb ertified that in Letters Patent No. 1,195,072; granted August 15,

compound word super-heated if read super-heating; and that the said Letters Patout should be read with-this correction therein that the same may conform to the X record of the case in the Patent Office. I

it Signed and sealedthis day of September; A. 1)., 1916.

.F.- w. H, CLAY; Acting Commissioner of Patents.

1916, upon the application of Karl A Norrman, of Lynn, Massachusetts; for an improvement in "Gas-Fired Steam-Boilers, an error appears in the printedspecification requiring correction as follows: Page 3, lines 13-14, claim 5, for the nt No. 1,195,072.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 1,195,072, granted August 15,

1916, upon the application of Karl A. Norrman, of Lynn, Massachusetts, for an improvement in Gas-Fired SteamBoilers, an error appears in the printed specification requiring correction as follows: Page 3, lines 13-14, claim 5, for the compound word super-heated? read supewiteating; and that the said Letters Patout should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

. Signed and sealed this 5th da of September, A. 1)., 1916.

F. W. H. CLAY,

Acting Commissioner of Patents.

[SEAL] 

